The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is the smallest country in mainland Africa. It is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal, except for its western coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia follows the path of the Gambia River, which runs through its center and serves as a defining geographical feature.
Key Facts
- Capital: Banjul
- Largest Cities: Serrekunda, Brikama
- Population: 2.769 million (2024 estimate)
- Official Language: English
- Currency: Gambian Dalasi (GMD)
- Calling Code: +220
- President: Adama Barrow
History
Arab Muslim merchants traded with native West Africans in The Gambia as early as the 9th and 10th centuries. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in 1455, though they did not establish a significant presence. The British took control in 1765, making The Gambia a colony within their empire.
The country gained independence in 1965 under Dawda Jawara, who remained in power until 1994 when a coup led by Yahya Jammeh ousted him. In 2016, Adama Barrow was elected president, ending Jammeh’s 22-year rule.
Geography and Environment
The Gambia is known for its diverse ecosystems. The country features wetlands, savannah, and riverine forests, making it home to a variety of wildlife.
Notable Natural Reserves:
- Kiang West National Park – Hosts hippos, leopards, and exotic bird species.
- Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve – Known for its rich biodiversity and scenic landscapes.
Economy
The Gambia’s economy is primarily driven by:
- Agriculture: Farming is a major livelihood, with crops such as groundnuts, coos, and rice.
- Fishing: The Gambia River supports a thriving fishing industry.
- Tourism: Beaches, nature reserves, and cultural experiences attract visitors.
The country is a founding member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations in 2018.
Major Towns and Cities
Banjul
As the capital, Banjul serves as the administrative and economic center of The Gambia. The city is known for its colonial architecture, bustling markets, and historic landmarks.
Serrekunda
The largest city in The Gambia, Serrekunda is the commercial hub, featuring markets, shopping centers, and vibrant nightlife.
Farafenni
Farafenni, located in the North Bank Region, is a key trade and transportation hub along the Trans-Gambia Highway. It is famous for its weekly market, the Lumo, which attracts traders from across the region.
Culture and Traditions
The Gambia is known for its rich cultural heritage, which includes music, dance, and storytelling traditions. Communities remain tightly knit, with strong ties to traditional leaders and village elders.
Katchang Village
Katchang, located in the North Bank Region, offers visitors an immersive cultural experience. The village is surrounded by hills, valleys, and rivers, and is home to a hardworking farming community.
Notable Features:
- Historical Sites: Kasse Taba Tree, village head’s residence (Alkalo), and traditional schools.
- Cultural Activities: Traditional Gambian music, storytelling, and farming practices.
- Tourism Impact: Visitors contribute to the local economy through guided tours and overnight stays.
Tourism and Attractions
Fathala Wildlife Reserve
Located near the Gambian border, Fathala Wildlife Reserve is a popular destination for visitors looking to experience West African wildlife up close.
Beaches and Coastal Activities
The Gambian coastline is lined with beautiful beaches, with tourism hotspots including:
- Kololi Beach
- Cape Point Beach
- Kotu Beach
Law Enforcement and Governance
The Gambia Police Force (GPF) is responsible for maintaining law and order. Recent reports indicate a crackdown on corruption, such as the interception of large sums of money at checkpoints.
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